Needle punched non-woven fabric is a type of dry non-woven fabric that involves opening, combing, and laying short fibers into a fiber web. The fiber web is then reinforced into a fabric using needles with hooks. The fibers are repeatedly punctured and reinforced with hooks to form needle punched non-woven fabric. Non woven fabric has no distinction between warp and weft, and the fibers used in the fabric are disordered, with little difference in warp and weft properties. Typical products: synthetic leather base fabric, needle punched geotextile, etc.
1. Production process
Fiber combing into a net: Short fibers (such as polyester, polypropylene, viscose fibers, etc.) are combed into a uniform fiber net by a combing machine.
Pre needling reinforcement: The fiber mesh is initially fixed in position by a pre needling machine to prevent displacement during subsequent needling.
Main needling reinforcement: The fiber web is fed into the needling machine, and thousands of needles with hooks move up and down at high speed, piercing into the fiber web and pulling out some fibers, causing the fibers to entangle and hook in the vertical direction, forming a three-dimensional structure.
Post processing: Heat setting, calendering, impregnation and other treatments are carried out according to the requirements to enhance performance or give special functions.
2. Core Features
Physical bonding: Fibers are fixed by mechanical entanglement, without the need for chemical adhesives or hot melt adhesives, which is environmentally friendly and has good breathability.
Structural stability: The three-dimensional structure endows it with high strength, wear resistance, and tear resistance.
Customizability: By adjusting parameters such as fiber type, needle density, and depth, the thickness, density, and softness of the fabric can be controlled.
Cost effectiveness: Short production process, high efficiency, suitable for large-scale industrial production.
3. Performance advantages
High strength and durability: The needle punching process tightly binds the fibers, making it suitable for scenarios that require load-bearing or wear resistance.
Breathability and Filtration: The pores between fibers are uniform and can be designed as efficient filtering materials (such as air filtration and liquid filtration).
Sound absorption and insulation: Porous structures can effectively absorb sound waves and heat, and are used as building sound insulation and thermal insulation materials.
Environmentally friendly and biodegradable: When using natural fibers such as cotton and linen or biodegradable synthetic fibers, they meet environmental requirements.
4. Application Fields
Industrial sector:
Filter materials: air filter, water treatment filter cloth, automobile exhaust filtration.
Sound insulation materials: building wall soundproofing felt, car interior sound-absorbing cotton.
Insulation materials: cold storage insulation layer, pipeline wrapping materials.
Life field:
Home goods: carpet base fabric, curtain lining fabric, sofa lining.
Medical supplies: surgical gowns, inner layers of masks, disinfectant wrap.
Agricultural coverage: cold proof cloth, sunshade net, seedling substrate.
Special purpose:
Battery separator: An insulating material used to separate the positive and negative electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.
Geosynthetics: Reinforcement of highway and railway roadbeds to prevent soil erosion.
5. Difference from hot-rolled non-woven fabric
Combination method: Needle punched non-woven fabric is mechanically punctured, while hot-rolled non-woven fabric is bonded to the surface of high-temperature melted fibers.
Performance difference: Needle punched fabric is thicker, stronger, and suitable for load-bearing; Hot rolled fabric is thinner and softer, suitable for personal wear.
Application scenario: Needle punched fabric is commonly used for industrial filtration and sound insulation; Hot rolled fabric is commonly used for hygiene products and medical dressings.
6. Development Trends
High performance: Develop nanofibers and composite fibers to improve filtration efficiency and antibacterial performance.
Green production: using bio based fibers and biodegradable materials to reduce environmental pollution.
Intelligent application: Combining sensor technology to develop intelligent filtering and temperature control materials.
Needle punched non-woven fabric, with its unique process and performance, has become an indispensable material in modern industry and daily life, and will continue to expand its application boundaries in fields such as environmental protection, medical care, and new energy in the future.
